CGF-Related Publications

AZA's Conservation Grants Fund (CGF) supports an extraordinary range of projects. Below are citations for peer-reviewed publications that have been informed by CGF-funded efforts, as well as links to summaries of project outcomes published in AZA's member magazine, Connect.

Animal Health

• Allender, M. 2017. Reptile and Amphibian Threats Study. Connect. June: 15.
• Anderson, P.A., Huber, D.R., Berzins, I.K. 2012. Correlations of capture, transport, and nutrition with spinal deformities in sandtiger sharks, Carcharias taurus, in public aquaria. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 43(4):750-758.
• Becker, M. H., C. L. Richards-Zawacki, B. Gratwicke, L. K. Belden. 2014. The effect of captivity on the cutaneous bacterial community of the critically endangered Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki). Biological Conservation 176: 199 – 206.
• Bolortsetseg, S., Enkhtuvshin, S., Nyamsuren, D., Weisman, W., Fine, A., Yang, A. and D. Joly. 2012. Serosurveillance for foot-and-mouth disease in Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) and livestock on the eastern steppe of Mongolia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 48(1):33-38.
• Crawford, G., Puschner, B., Affolter, V., Stalis, I., Davidson, A., Baker, T., Tahara, J., Jolly, A. and Ostapak, S. (2015), Systemic effects of Leucaena leucocephala ingestion on ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Am. J. Primatol.. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22386
• Dorsey, C., Dennis, P., Fascetti, A., Wood, T. and J. Brown. 2010. Hypoaminoacidemia is not associated with ulcerative lesions in black rhinoceroses, Diceros bicornis. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 41(1): 22-27.
• Dorsey, C., Dennis, P., Guagnon, G., Wood, T. and J. Brown. 2010. Decreased baseline fecal glucocorticoid concentrations associated with skin and oral lesions in black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 41(4): 616-625.
• Moresco, A., Muson, L., and I.A. Gardner. 2009. Naturally occurring and Melengestrol Acetate-associated reproductive tract lesions in zoo canids. Veterinary Pathology 46(6): 1117-1128.
• Tate, E.E., Anderson, P.A., Huber, D.R., Berzins, I.K. 2013. Correlations of swimming patterns with spinal deformities in the sandtiger shark, Carcharias taurus. International Journal for Comparative Psychology 26: 75-82.
• Yang, A. 2012. Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks spill over to Mongolian gazelles from livestock. Connect. March: 9.

Animal Welfare

• Miller, L. and S. Kuczaj. 2009. Bottlenose dolphin education programs: Benefits for conservation education and enrichment programs? Connect. November: 18-19.
• Whitham, J.C. and N. Wielebnowski. 2011. Development of an animal welfare monitoring tool. Connect. April: 24.

Conservation Education

• Bergren, R. and R. Santymire. 2011. Black-footed ferrets in Montana: Lincoln Park Zoo partners with the Northern Cheyenne Reservation. Connect. May: 8-9.
• Bray, S. and D. Jenike. 2017. Lale’enok: Conservation Through Coexistence in Kenya’s South Rift Valley. Connect. March: 13.
• Brown, L. 2018. Non-Lead Hunting Education Program at the Oregon Zoo. Connect. July: 12
• Curti, M. 2010. AZA supports community education in Guatemala. Connect. June: 53.
• Danielewicz, P. and T. Vanderwerf. 2012. A citizen science training model for investigating the presence or absence of amphibian chytrid fungus in amphibian populations. Connect. May: 41.
• Fredriksson, G. 2013. Conserving Sumatran orangutans: Batang Toru Forest, Boundary Socialization Programme, Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Connect. May: 28.
• Gilson, P. and S. Young. 2016. Community outreach in support of vaquita conservation. Connect. August: 9.
• O'Connor, D. 2016. Building public support for Borean sun bear conservation. Connect. June: 11.
• Stanoss, R. 2013. Global Conservation Leadership Program for Youth – Botswana: The human dimensions of conservation. Connect. August: 40.
• Stotz, E. 2016. Mongolia Up: Uniting People Globally for Wildlife Conservation. Connect. April: 8.

Field Conservation

• Arandjelovic M, Bergl RA, Ikfuingei R, Jameson C, Parker M, Vigilant L. 2015. Detection dog efficacy for collecting faecal samples from the critically endangered Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) for genetic censusing. R. Soc. open sci. 2: 140423
• Bergl, R. 2013. Use of trained detection dogs to survey the critically endangered Cross River gorilla. Connect. March: 28.
• Brittsan, M., Schick, M., and K. Vires. 2011. SECORE and coral conservation. Connect. September: 38.
• Bushell, J. 2015. Frogs gone wild: Reestablishing the Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog. Connect. August: 13.
• de Silva, S. 2018. Conserving Buddha's Giants With Trunks & Leaves, Inc. Connect. February: 16.
• Dickman, A. 2014. From spears to cell phones: Resolving human-carnivore conflict in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape. Connect. May: 28.
• Ettling, J. 2009. The Armenian viper: CEF assists with conservation efforts for a rapidly declining species. Connect. May: 44-45.
• Fenolio, D. 2011. The Darwin’s frog conservation initiative. Connect. August: 33.
• Fenolio, D., Crump, M., Lamar, W., Fabry, M., Tirado, M., Charrier, A., Levy, M., and P Calderon. 2011. A review of the Chile Mountains false toad, Telmatobufo venustus (Amphibia:Anura:Calyptocephalellidae), with comments on its conservation status. Herpetological Review, 42(4), 514–519.
• Freeman, K. and I. Porton. 2013. Invasive guava in Madagascar. Connect. February: 28.
• Freund, C., Rahman, E., & C. Knott. 2016. Ten years of orangutan-related wildlife crime investigation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. American Journal of Primatology. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22620
• Geist, N. 2009. CEF supports western pond turtle headstarting. Connect. October: 45.
• George, A. 2016. Above the Surface: Lifting Lake Sturgeon Conservation into Public View. Connect. March: 10.
• Goossens, B., J.M. Setchell, E. Tchidongo, E. Dilambaka, C. Vidal, M. Ancrenaz, and A. Jamart. 2005. Survival, interactions with conspecifics and reproduction in 37 chimpanzees released into the wild. Biological Conservation 123: 461-475.
• Graham, L. 2010. Saving the Vancouver Island marmot. Connect. September: 53.
• Guharajan, R., Magguna, M.A.B., Garshelis, D.L., and B. Goossens. 2015. Studying how sun bears use human-modified landscapes. Connect. January: 15.
• Han, S., Hor, L., Nhek, R., Sorn, P., Heng S., Simpson, B., Starr, A., Brooke, S., Frechett, J.L., & Daltry, J.C. (2015). Status, distribution and ecology of the Siamese crocodile Crocodylus siamensis in Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History, 2015: 153-164.
• Houston, B. 2011. Saharan carnivore study in Niger. Connect. May: 30.
• Knott, C. 2017. The Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Program. Connect. May: 9.
• Louis, E. 2012. Rocket stoves and reforestation: Ensuring the long-term survival of two critically endangered lemur species in Madagascar. Connect. March: 34.
• Miller, J. 2013. Predicting tiger and leopard attacks on livestock in Kanha Tiger Reserve, India. Connect. January: 36.
• Miller, J., Jhala, Y., Jena, J., and O. Schmitz. 2015. Landscape-scale accessibility of livestock to tigers: implications of spatial grain for modeling predation risk to mitigate human–carnivore conflict. Ecology and Evolution 5(6): 1354–1367. 
• Ogada, D. 2018. Time is of the Essence: Identifying Poisoning Hotspots and Key Conservation Areas for Vultures. Connect. March: 9.
• Perrig, P., Donadio, E., Middleton, A.D., and J.N. Pauli. 2016. Puma predation subsidizes an obligate scavenger in the high Andes. Journal of Applied Ecology 1365-2664. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12802
• Perez, R., C. L. Richards-Zawacki, A. R. Krohn, M. Robak, E. J. Griffith, H. Ross, B. Gratwicke, R. Ibanez, J. Voyles. 2014. Atelopus varius frogs are persisting in regions where Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is not enzootic. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 8(2): 30 – 35.
• Sampson, C. 2015. Walking with giants: Deep in the golden land, Smithsonian scientists work to save the endangered Asian elephant. Connect. May: 11.
• Seidler, J. Giving an Illinois turtle a good head start. Connect. June: 30.
• Sharma, R.K. 2014. Does pastoralism help or harm snow leopards? Connect. February: 41.
• Smurl, M. 2011. The Conservation Endowment Fund and the Florida scrub jay. Connect. January: 46.
• Spiering, P. M. Szykman Gunther, M.J. Somers, D.E. Wildt, M. Walters, A.S. Wilson and J.E. Maldonado. 2011. Inbreeding, heterozygosity and fitness in a reintroduced population of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). Conservation Genetics 12:401-412.
• Spiering, P., M.J. Somers, J.E. Maldonado, D.E. Wildt, and M. Szykman Gunther. 2010. Reproductive sharing and proximate factors mediating cooperative breeding in the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64:583-592.
• Spiering, P., M. Szykman Gunther, D.E. Wildt, M.J. Somers and J.E. Maldonado. 2009. Sampling error in non-invasive genetic analyses of an endangered social carnivore. Conservation Genetics 10:2005-2007.
• Starr, A. 2012. Re-introduction of Siamese crocodiles to the wild project. Connect. June: 45.
• Szykman Gunther, M. 2011. Genetic variation and the reintroduction of African wild dogs in South Africa. Connect. October: 34.
• Vilchis, I. 2018. Enhancing Natural Foraging Behvaior in California Condors. Connect. October: 11

Management / Breeding

• Herrick, J. R., Iske, C. J., Santymire, R. M., Lynch, C., Alonge, M., Krisher, R. L., & Morris, C. L. (2020). Factors affecting reproductive traits in male snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Reproduction and Fertility, 1(1), 35–49. 
• Alba, A. 2015. Management, stress and reproduction in the Guam Micronesian kingfisher. Connect. February: 7.
• Bateman, H. 2012. Addressing aggression in Asian small-clawed otters through the use of GnRH agonist. Connect. December: 34.
• Burger, I., Julien, A. R., Kouba, A. J., Barber, D., Counsell, K. R., Pacheco, C., Krebs, J., & Kouba, C. K. (2021). Linking in-situ and ex-situ populations of threatened amphibians through genome banking. Conservation Science and Practice, e525.
• Curry, E. 2017. Developing a Pregnancy Test for Polar Bears. Connect. April: 7.
• DeCaluwe, H. 2012. Characterization and control of aggression in male clouded leopards. Connect. August: 34. April: 
• Edmonds D, Rakotoarisoa JC, Dolch R, Pramuk J, Gagliardo R, Andreone F, Rabibisoa N, Rabemananjara F, Rabesihanaka S, Robsomanitrandrasana E. 2012. Building capacity to implement conservation breeding programs for frogs in Madagascar: Results from year one of Mitsinjo’s amphibian husbandry research and captive breeding facility. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 5(3):57-69(e55). al.
• Petersen, S., Breiter, C., and L. Burns. 2018. Grassland Butterfly Conservation Program at Assiniboine Park Zoo Expands. Connect. April: 8.
• Powell, D. 2009. Methods for animal behavior research. Connect. July: 25.
• Pramuk, J. and D. Edmonds. 2012. Establishing a captive breeding facility for Malagasy amphibians. Connect. April: 41.
• Roth, T.L., D.C. Szymanski, and E.D. Keyster. 2010. Effects of age, weight, hormones, and hibernation on breeding success in boreal toads (Bufo boreas boreas). Theriogenology 73: 501-511.
• Roth, T.L. and M.A. Stoops. 2010. AZA supports study to enhance polar bear propagation. Connect. November: 36.
• Rothwell, E., F. Bercovitch, J. Andrews, and M. Anderson. 2011. Estimating daily walking distance of captive African elephants using an accelerometer. Zoo Biology. 30(5):579-591.
• Santymire, R, Livieri, T, Marinari, P, Bortner, R, and M. Wright. 2016. Determining the role of environmental conditions on the fecundity of the endangered black-footed ferret. Connect. July: 9.
• Stoops, MA, MacKinnon, KM, and TL Roth. 2012. Longitudinal fecal hormone analysis for monitoring reproductive activity in the female polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Theriogenology 78: 1977–1986.
• Stoops, MA, Campbell, MK, and CJ Dechant. 2014. Successful captive breeding of Necturus beyeri through manipulation of environmental cues and exogenous hormone administration: A model for endangered Necturus. Herpetological Review. 45(2):251-256.

Research

• Barber, D. 2012. Implementation of a new monitoring program for the Puerto Rican crested toad. Connect. July: 58-59.
• Bergl, R., A. Dunn, and A. Nicholas. 2009. Using technology and partnerships to save the critically endangered Cross River gorilla. Connect. August: 12-14.
• Comizzoli, P. and S. Monfort. 2011. Studying and protecting the last wild population of slender-horned gazelles in the Algerian Great Western Erg. Connect. June: 43.
• Crawford, A.J., Cruz, C., Griffith, E., Ross, H., Ibáñez, R., Lips, K.R., Driskell, A.C., Bermingham, E., and Crump. P. 2012. DNA barcoding applied to ex situ tropical amphibian conservation programme reveals cryptic diversity in captive populations. Molecular Ecology Resources. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12054.
• DeSouza, L. 2015. Tracking migration patterns of arapaima in Guyana, South America. Connect. March: 12.
• Flechas, S.V. 2011. Lowland Atelopus of western Colombia: Coexistence with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis or prelude to extinction? Connect. August: 34.
• Flechas, SV, Sarmiento, C, and Amezquita, A. 2012. Bd on the beach: High prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the lowland forests of Gorgona Island (Colombia, South America). EcoHealth. Published online 6 June. DOI: 10.1007/s10393-012-0771-9.
• Flechas, SV, Sarmiento, C, Cardenas, ME, Medina, EM, and Restrepo, S. 2012. Surviving chytridiomycosis: Differential anti-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis activity in bacterial isolates from three lowland species of Atelopus. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44832. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044832.
• Flechas, SV, Medina, EM, Crawford, AJ, Sarmiento, C, Cárdenas, ME, Amézquita, A, and Restrepo, S. 2013. Characterization of the first Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis isolate from the Colombian Andes, an amphibian biodiversity hotspot. EcoHealth. doi:10.1007/s10393-013-0823-9. Published online: 26 March.
• Knapp, C.R. and A.K. Owens. 2005. Home range and habitat associations of a Bahamian iguana: implications for conservation. Animal Conservation 8: 269-278.
• Knapp, C.R. and A.K. Owens. 2008. Nesting behavior and the use of termitaria by the Andros iguana (Cyclura cychlura cychlura). Journal of Herpetology 42(1): 46–53.
• Knapp, C.R., Alvarez-Clare, S., and C. Perez-Heydrich. 2010. The influence of landscape heterogeneity and dispersal on survival of neonate insular iguanas. Copeia 2010(1): 62-70.
• Miller, J. M., Hallager, S., Monfort, S.L., Newby, J., Bishop, K., Tidmus, S.A., Black, P., Houston, B., Matthee, C.A., Fleischer, R.C. 2010. Phylogeographic analysis of nuclear and mtDNA supports subspecies designations in the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Conservation Genetics: DOI 10.1007/s10592-010-0149-x.
• Mirande, C. 2014. Whooping cranes phone home: AZA Conservation Grants Fund supports development of new cellular-based transmitters. Connect. April: 28.
• Perrig, P. and J. Pauli. 2016. Andean condors rely on puma predation of camelids. Connect. May: 13.
• Sahrmann, J., Niedbalski, A., Deem, S., Bradshaw, L., and R. Johnson. 2015. Could visiting the Saint Louis Zoo lower your stress level? Connect. April: 13.
• Saint Louis Zoo. 2011. CEF grant funds chytrid fungus research in endangered Missouri salamanders. Connect. March: 26.
• Savage, A. & Wells, S. 2015. Immunity, Genes and Chytridiomycosis in Chiricahua Leopard Frogs. Connect. July: 11.
• Sharma K, Bayrakcismith R, Tumursukh L, Johansson O, Sevger P, et al. (2014) Vigorous dynamics underlie a stable population of the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in Tost Mountains, South Gobi, Mongolia. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101319. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101319
• Wallace, G. 2010. Using autonomous recording units to monitor endangered Hawaiian seabirds. Connect. August: 26.